Lock construction



LOCK CONSTRUCTION Filed June 5. 1937 INVENTOR saywgf Bran'rinyson Patented Nov. 1, 1938 PATENT OFFICE LOCK CONSTRUCTION Sigurd Brantingson, Palisades Park, N. J assignor to Francis Keil & Son, Inc., a corporation of New York Application June 3, 1937, Serial No. 146,144

' 11 Claims.

This invention relates to lock construction. One of the objects of this invention is to provide a simple, practical and inexpensive but dependable lock construction. Another object is to provide a lock construction in which the individual parts can be inexpensively manufactured and easily and inexpensively assembled. Another object is to provide a lock construction which is capable of simple and easy disassembly and subsequent assembly, as is sometimes neces- Sary on the part of a locksmith for effecting change in the tumblers or tumbler pins, or the like.

Another object is to provide a lock construction of the cylinder type having a casing, key plug, and connecting or operating bar but constructed so that a simple, inexpensive, speedy and dependable fabrication and assembly may be achieved. Another object is to provide a lock construction of this type with assembly-retaining means that is inexpensive, accurate in action, well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use, strong, free from complexities of construction or handling and thoroughly practical. Another object is to provide a construction of the above-mentioned character in which the individual parts can be fabricated or conditioned for assembly by way of simple and inexpensive operations. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and. arrangements of parts as will be exemplified in the structure to be hereinafter described and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawing in which is shown one of the various. possible embodiments of my invention Figure 1 is a side elevation of a lock construction in assembled relation, certain parts being broken away or shown in section;

Figure 2 is a plan view, as seen from the top of Figure l;

Figure 3 is an end elevation partly in section, as-seen along the line 3'-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional View on a much enlarged scale showing certain of the parts that appear in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a sectional view, as seen along the line 5-5 -of Figure 4, and

Figure 6 is .a similar enlarged .sectional view, as seen along the line -6--6 of Figure 4, certain parts being omitted.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views in the drawmg.

Referring first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, there is generally indicated at H] a casing having a lower cylindrical portion l I bored out as at [2 to receive a key plug 13; the latter preferably has a peripheral flange 14 at its front or left-hand end that is received in the undercut l5. at the front end of the bore 12 as the key plug 13 is inserted from the left, as viewed in Figure 1. The flange I4 thus acts to limit movement of the key plug l3 toward the right, while permitting freedom of rotation relative to the casing l0.

Key plug 13 is provided with a key slot 16 which may be of usual form to receive any suitable form of key and it has appropriate tumblers or tumbler pins (not shown), such as pin tumblers, which may coact with tumblers, such as pin tumblers (not shown) arranged in the tumbler-receiv-ing extension I! of the casing l 0. The latter may have a front flange or escutcheon plate 18, preferably circular, and it may have near its right-hand or rear end screw: threaded ears l9 toreceive the securing or clamping screws (not shown) for holding the lock construction in installed position. The key plug l3 has connected to it at its rear end, in a manner about to be described, a connecting or operating bar 20 which makes connection with the part or parts, such .as a bolt (not shown) which are to be actuated by the movement of the key plug l 3.

The right-hand or rear end of the cylindrical casing portion. II is preferably faced off in any suitable manner, as at 2| (Figure 1), to provide an end face whose plane is. at right angles to the axis of the key plug 13, particularly where the latter is to partake only of rotation relative to the casing I0. Key plug I3 is preferably of a length greater than the length of the bore 12 and hence has a rearwardly extending portion 13 40 The diameter of the key plug 13 is such that .it neatly and snugly fits into the bore 12 to permit appropriate movement of the former relative to the latter under the control of the proper key, but throughout an appropriate extent adjacent the rear or right-hand end of the key plug 13, there preferably exists a diiference between the diameters of the key plug 13 and the bore 12 .soas to provide an annular gap, as at 22 (Figures 1 and 3) between the wall of the bore I2 and the surface .of the key plug l3; in practice the axial extent of this annular gap may be on the order of one-sixteenth of an inch and preferably it is provided by making the rearwardly projecting portion [3 of the key plug of lesser diameter than priate or suitable shape or form and illustratively' it may be a straight iorregularly shaped piece of suitably heavy sheet metal, illustratively rectangular, and at its oneend it is provided with at "assume a relationship of tangency to the rear hole 2 3; the latter 'apertured end 'isreceivable into arecess or' bore 24 provided in the right' 7 hand or rear end portion of the key plug I 3, and

as'better appears in Figures l and 3, the recess H 24 may be and preferably is cylindrical and hence may be and preferably is made as by. drilling in the direction of the axis of the key plug 3. 7

- 25 V V t the casing III to an extent permitted by thefrontj v orperipheral flange l4 thereof, thus projecting Preferably, also, and where the key plug l3' is to partake only iof rotatiomtherecess 24 1s of a r I depth (see Figure 1) to extendinwardly of the j ,plug lbeyond the plane the casing' lllg of the endface'2lv of With the Wparts'constructed as above illustratively described, the key plug I3 is inserted into rearwardly of the easing the reducedend portion "l3 and thus presenting also the annular gap 22. Then, and'preferably by employing an appropriatejig or drill guide, a pair of alined holes-25-26 (Figure 3) is drilled through the casing. The axis of holes-'26- 26'ispreferably at opposed portions of theannular wall of the plug extension I39, and prefer ably in such manner that the drill, and hence also the cylindrical theoreticaloutward extensions of theholes ,25 -j26, are all tangent, to'the rear endface 2| of the right anglesto the plane of the key slot |6'and inlike manner and; preferably two' alined and opposedrholes 2'|-28; Figure3) areprovided but on an axis at right anglesto the axis of the holes 25 26. A plurality of pairs of holes are provided where 'selectability -of the relationship of the cross-section of the operating bar 20 to the plane of the key'slot is desired, as will later ppear, J

As above noted; these holes are preferably drilled and by providing the annular gap 22 (Figurel) between the 'key plug and bore Wall} 1 6 I provide adequate accommodation for any burs,

or like distortions or raising up of the metal, usually brass, of the plug |3 atthe point or points of entry andparticularly of exit of the drill; j Thereby; additionalmachiningor finishing 7 moved longitudinally of the casing ID, illustraappropriate rangeof angularity ef the bar rela-1 tively' duringremoval ofthe plug is dependably precludedfromtakin p1ace.;; Depending upon the desired relationship of the cross-section of;the operating barg2ll to the plane of the key slot I 6 a suitableone of thei several pairs of oppo sed holes is selected, illustratively' theholes 25-26, and the aperturedend of the bar-20 is then inserted intothe, recess 24 which, a

by the way, is sui iicientlylarg'er than the crosssectional dimensions of timber 2|), to per'mit an tive to the axis of the key plug, and the hole '23,

inlthe bar 20, preferably somewhat larger than the holes 25 26, is more or less alined with the latter, as indicated in Figures 1 and 3. There upon, a pin 29 of a length preferably materially greater than the diameter of the plug I3 is inserted through these alined holes. The pin is preferably cylindrical and aside from thus interconnecting the operating bar 20 and the key plug I3, it is preferably made also to hold the key plug l3 against removal from the casing bore l2. This latter action is achieved by causing one and preferably both of the ends of the pin 29 to project beyond the plug extension I? andthus to casing face 2|. Where the key'plug I3 is rotataingof' the ends of the pin 29 relative to and in preferably light-contact with the end face 2| and .the pin 29 thus coacts with the parts |4--| 5 (Figure 1) to hold the key plug |3 against play in an axial direction and thus to maintain the tumblers 'or tumbler pins o f the key plug in appropriate relationship to their coacting parts offer in the casing l0, V l w v Any suitable means may be employed to hold 'thepin 29 against unintentional removal; for

example, the'pin 29 may be of a diameter with respect to that of the holes 25,25 such that the ,pinpiits into the holes with a sort of press fit and hence withsufiicient tightness to hold itin place. Preferably, however, I construct the pin 29, as is better shown in Figures 4 and 5' on an enlarged" scale' a I 7 Accordingly, I provide anintermediate portion of the pin '29, such'as a portion 29 that is inter mediate of the opposed walls of the key plug ex tension I3 witha suitable number, illustratively three, of :protrusions'which preferably are of a" height and character such that they force'or cut "ble its rotation is thus accompanied by a sweep- I their way, as the pin 29 is forced through one:

of the holes, such as hole'25, into and through the wall of 'the' hole 25; they may, forexample, 'be constructed to have an action analogous to that of a breach and the cutting or forcing action is improved or enhanced if the pin '29 is made 7 harder than the material of the key plug extension'l" For example, the pin maybe made of steel andthekey'plug of brass. f a v a The protrusions may be brought about in the surface of the'pin 29in any suitable manner, and illustratively and preferably, may beeffectedby pressing or forcing a suitable tool with a V-shaped l ,50 a cutting edge intothe surface of the pm at a suitable number of peripherally distributed'places, f

'illustra'tivly three,as shown in Figure 5. The V -shap'edtool, which may have a length equivalent 'to the axial length which it is desired to give the protrusions inquestion andthat length is preferably slightly less than the interior spacing between the opposed wall portions of the annular V 2 plug extension |3 thus forms VV-shaped depres-- sions 30 Figure" 5) and in so doing compresses the metal laterally of itself and causesthe metal at the sides of the depressions toflo'w upwardly into relatively sharply pointed V-shaped pairs, of protrusions 3|, giving that'portion of'the'pin an appearance'as though it werefluted and hence; producing a suitable number of strong v -sha ped V fin-like members. V 4 7 v y With this preferred construction of tl1e pin-29,

a position as shown in Figure 3'where, under circumstances earlier above pointed out, .it .isdesired to have the extreme end portions .-,of the pin coact with ,the rear end face 2| of thecasing. With these protrusions of appropriate and preferred lengths, as indicated in Figure 4, and even assuming a looseness of fit of the end portions 29* and 29 of the pin in their respective holes '25 and 26, pin 29 is held against unintentional re moval by the coaction of the protrusions or finlike members 3!, 3| with the annular wall of the plug extension l-3 for they prevent sufficient axial movement of the pin 29 for such removal since the intermediate portion 25 of the pin cannot be forced out throughout eitherof the holes 25 and 26 Without the application of sufiicient force to cause these parts 3|, 3| to force or out new grooves, like the grooves 32 of Figure -6, into the walls of the hole. Also, even if the pin 29 remains in a position such that the protrusions 3!, 3| remain alined with the grooves 32, 32 which they respectively cut, accidental or unintentional removal cannot take place because these parts would interfit too tightly. Also, even if the pin 29 were sufliciently loose to partake of rotary movement, the protrusions 3|, 3| act as above described and also the chances of an appropriate alinement thereof with the grooves 32 which they respectively out are mathematically extremely small; also, and if desired, the peripheral spacings (see Figure 5) of these protrusions may be made non-uniform and thus still further lessen the chances of achieving alinement.

However, if it is desired to disconnect the operating bar 20 from the key plug l3, or to disassemble the latter from the casing Ill, pin 29 is relatively easily forced out, in either direction, as viewed in Figure 4, of the holes 25 and 26, the cutting fins 3|, 3! simply forcing or cutting new grooves in the walls of whichever hole they are forced through, whence disassembly of the parts may take place; upon subsequent assembly the pin 29 is again forced into position, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, and whether or not additional grooves 32 are cut in one or the other of the hole walls, the above-described retaining actions again take place and thus assembly of the parts is maintained.

If it is desired to give the operating bar 20 a different angular relationship to the plane of the key slot Hi, the parts are assembled with the pin 29 related to holes 21', 28 (see Figure 3). In either case the parts are so proportioned that there is sufficient looseness or play between the hole 23 and pin 25 and the operating bar 20 and the recess '24 thatsubstantial misalinement of the operating bar 2!! with respect to the axis of the key plug 53 can exist to take care of allowable misalinement between the mounting of the lock construction, as seen in Figure 1, and the bolt or other mechanism operated by the operating bar 20.

Thus, it will be seen that there has been provided in this invention a construction in which the various objects above noted together with many thoroughly practical advantages are successfully achieved. It will be seen that the construction is simple, strong, durable and well adapted to meet the varying conditions of hard practical use, that it is inexpensive and easy to assemble and disassemble.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention and as many changes might be made in the' embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter hereinbefore set forth, or shown in the accompanying drawing, :is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in -.a limiting sense.

:1 claim:

'1. In lockconstruction, in combination, a casing member, a key plug member movably mounted therein, an operating bar member for transmitting movement from said key plug member, said key plug member having a recess in its rear end for receiving said bar member and having a wall portion that has therein aperture means communicating with said recesses, and a device having protruding cutting means on a portion thereof forced through said 'wall portion by way-of said aperture means to bring said portion into said recess for engagement with said bar member whereby said cutting means cuts itself a path in said Wall portion of said aperture means and after emergence from said out path acts to prevent unintentional removal of said device from said aperture means, said device having a part for coaction with said casing member to -limit movement of said plug member relative thereto.

2. In lock construction, in combination, a casing member, akey plug member movably mounted therein, an operating bar member for transmitting movement from said key plug member, said key plug member having a recess in its rear end for receiving said bar member and having opposed parts provided with alined apertures communicating with said recess, and a pin of a cross-section to be received in said apertures and having protruding cutting means in at least an intermediate portion thereof which, when said pin is forced into said alined apertures to bring said intermediate portion crosswise of said -reccss,,cuts a path in the wall of one of said apertures and thereafter coacts with uncut portions about said apertures to hold said pin against movement out of said apertures, the end of said bar member that is in said recess having means engaged by said pin for holding it assembled to said plug member and said pin having a portion coacting with said casing member to limit movement of said plug member relative thereto.

3. In lock construction, in combination, a casing member, a key plug member movably mounted therein, an operating bar member for transmitting movement from said key plug member, said key plug member having a recess in its rear end for receiving said bar member and having opposed cylindrically-walled apertures the axis" of which intersects said recess and said casing member having a rear end face the plane of which is at right angles to the axis of said plug member and to which plane the cylindrical walls of said alined apertures are substantially tangent, and a cylindrical pin. fitted and held in said alined recesses and having an intermediate pcrtion in engagement with that end of said bar member that is in said recess and having a portion projecting externally of said key plug for substantially tangential contact With said rear end face of said casing member.

4. In lock construction, in combination, a casing member, a key plug member movably mounted therein, an operating bar member for transmitting movement from said key plug member, and a single device holding said three members in assembled relation, one of said members and said device having means for holding said device against unintentional removal therefrom, said means comprising an aperture in said one member through which a portion of said device is passed; and protruding'cuttingIme-ans on said portion of said device that cuts itself a path in the wall of said aperture as said portion passes therethrough and thereafter coactswith uncut portions about said apertureto prevent .retrograde movement of said device. 7

, 5..In lock construction, in combination, a casing member, a key plug member movably mounted therein, an operating bar member for transmitting movement from said key plug member,

said plug meinber having an end portionthat projects beyond the rear endface' of said cas- 1 ing, there being an annulargap between: the plug member and the casing member that extends inwardly of said rear end face said end portion having a hole drilled therein'adjacent said end 'face and said annular gap accommodating such surface distortion'of the metal adjacent the drilled hole as results from the drilling, whereby binding of said plug member relative to said casing member'is prevented, and means in said 1 drilled hole and coactingwith said'three members to hold said bar member and plug member assembled andto limitmovement of said plu member relativetosaid casing member.

6.-In lock construction, in combination, a cas- "ing member having; a cylindrical bore therein,

;' a key, plug member movably mounted in said bore, there being an annular gap between said. 'two members adjacent therear end face of said casing member, a drilled hole in one iof said members merging therefrom at a point'such that any surface distortion of the metal caused by the drilling is accommodatedin said annular gap and movement ofsaid plug member relative to said casing member may take place without bind- "ing action of said surface metal distortion, and

means' engaging insaid drilled'hole for holding said two members against-disassembly.

7. In lock construction, in combination, a casing member, a key plug member'movably mount- .ed; therein, an operating bar member for transgmitting movementfroms'aid key plug member,

there being an annular gap between the rear ended said casing member and plug member adjacent the rear end face of said casing mem-' ber, 'said plugmember havinga drilled hole therein in relation tosaid annular gap whereby the latter accommodates surface distortions of the metal resulting from the drilling of said hole, and means engaging said hole for ho1ding said bar member-: and said plug member in ,coacting operating relationship.

7 f: 8. In lock'construction, in combination, a casing member, a key. plug member movably mountedtherein, an operating bar member for trans- 'mitting movemen'tifrom' said key-plug member,

and means for holding at least two of said members .against-disassembly and comprising apair ofspaced parts having opposed alined apertures,

said parts being in one of said two members, and.

.a' pin supported in said opposed alined apertures .and bridging across between said spaced parts,

said pin having protruding means at its intermediate portion of'suflicient' height to engage" the contiguous .faces of said spaced parts and thereby to hold said pin against unintentional removal through either of said apertures, the other of said two members having means in engagement with said pin. j r 9. Inqlock'construction, in combinatiom'a key. plug and anoperating'rbar, said key plug having opposed wall portions between which said bar is received and said opposed wall portions having I 15 resting in said two opposed aperturesandjhaveach an aperture, a pin having its end portions ing' an intermediate portion in engagement with said operating'bar, and means on said pinintermediate of said opposed wallportions and coacting with the latter for preventing movement of said'pin'outwardly of either of said apertures. g

' 10..[11 lock constructiomin combination, a key plug and an operating bar, said key plug having opposed wall portions between which said bar is received and said opposed wall portions having each an aperture, a pin having its end one 'of said apertures having a groove therein and said pin having-protruding means on its intermediate portion that is accommodated in said groove as said pin is'assembled in said .opposed apertures, which protruding means is en-. gageable with ungrooved portions about said one portions resting in said two opposed"apertures and having an intermediate portion in engagement with said operating bar, the wall of at least aperturewhen the pin is assembled and thereby 7 block movement of' said pin outwardly of the i said aperture. 7 r

11. .In lock construction, in combination, a casing member, a keyplug member movably mounted therein, an operatingibar member for transmitting'm'ovement from said key plug member,

bers in operative' ass'emblyand comprisingan tary displacement of said pin to bring saidprojectingmeans out of alinement with said groove forms an obstacle to prevent retrograde. movement of said pin unless said projecting means. is alined with said groove. 7 V Y r SIGURD BRAN'IINGSON. 1

' and means for holding, at least two of said mem 

